The Meaning of "Hate" in Language and Terminology
Hate (in Arabic: الحقد) refers to a deep-seated animosity or malice. The term "ẖiqd" in Arabic means resentment or grudge. The verb "ḥaqada" (حقدَ) means "to hate" or "to harbor animosity," while the noun form, "ḥiqd," signifies the feeling of hatred.
In the words of Ibn Manzur, the Arabic lexicographer:
"Hate (ḥiqd) refers to holding a grudge or harboring animosity in the heart, waiting for an opportunity to act upon it."
It can also refer to "secret animosity, malice, or resentment" that someone holds without immediate expression.
In a more specific context, hate (ḥiqd) is defined as the intent to harm or seek revenge when a person cannot yet act on their ill-will. It remains hidden in their heart until an opportunity arises to fulfill the desire for vengeance.
The scholar Al-Jurjani further elaborates, defining hate as:
"A malicious suspicion in the heart towards others because of enmity."
Several terms are used interchangeably or in association with hate, each carrying a slightly different nuance. Some common synonyms for "ḥiqd" include: